Psychologist vs Therapist vs Counsellor: What Are the Differences?

Feb 11

Before we get started, it's important to remember that while understanding the different approaches can be helpful, you don’t need to get lost in the details. The most important thing is your willingness to grow and the bond you form with your therapist. Finding someone you feel at ease with and can build a strong working relationship with is what makes therapy truly impactful and transformative. The information on this blog post was written by the founder, Jess Kaur Sohi who holds a Masters in Social Work degree. The following information is based on my education and experience in the field. I hope this blog provides you with some clarity on the different mental professionals in Canada.

The Differences Between Psychologists, Therapists, And Counsellors

Many people use these terms interchangeably, but they each have distinct roles. I use the term therapist and counsellor interchangeable as I hold a Masters degree with a specialization in Mental Health and Health.

Psychologists typically have a doctoral degree such as a Ph.D. in philosophy or psychology, or a Psy.D. Their training focuses extensively on the science, theory, and practice of psychology and human behavior. Psychologists are often equipped to treat more severe mental health conditions like psychosis or personality disorders, and they have the expertise to conduct psychological and neuropsychological assessments. Beyond clinical practice, psychologists may also work as researchers in academic or institutional environments.

In a Canadian context, the term "therapist" is broadly used to refer to clinicians who treat mental health concerns. It can apply to professionals across various fields, including those with both master's and doctoral degrees. For example, a psychologist with a doctorate may also be referred to as a therapist. In Canada, a therapist or counsellors must have a minimum of a master’s level education. While their primary training focuses on treatment, they also study theory, development, society, and policy. Additionally, each province may have its own regulatory body for these professions, ensuring that therapists meet the specific legal and professional requirements in their jurisdiction.

Counselling is defined with a shorter-term, goal-oriented process that focuses on addressing specific life challenges. It differs from therapy with other professionals, which tends to be longer-term, more exploratory, and aimed at treating mental health conditions. Counsellors in Canada often specialize in areas such as marriage, addiction, grief, or abuse. For example, drug and alcohol counselling is a common specialization where certified professionals assist individuals in recovering from substance use disorders, including alcohol and drug addiction. In Canada, counsellors may be regulated by provincial or territorial bodies, and their training and certification requirements can vary depending on the region. Keep in mind the title counsellor is not a protected title in British Columbia, which means anyone can legally call themselves a counsellor.

Old wooden book shelf with education books with victorian style covers and spines.

When people hear "social worker," they often think of child protection services. While this is one important area of the field, social workers do so much more. At the bachelor's level, they can work in group homes, hospitals, adoption services, agency administration, child and youth programs, and many other settings.

It’s important to note that Social Worker (SW) is a protected title in Canada. Only those registered with their provincial college can call themselves Registered Social Workers (RSWs). Social workers with a master’s degree can also provide counselling and often take on clinical roles, offering therapy directly to the community.

Choosing a Registered Social Worker (RSW) for counselling is crucial because social workers provide therapy through a holistic, client-centered, and trauma-informed lens. Unlike other mental health professionals, social workers address both individual concerns and systemic barriers—such as poverty, discrimination, and access to healthcare—that impact well-being.

As I hold a Master’s of Social Work (MSW) degree and I specialize in mental health and health, my focus is on helping clients navigate trauma, chronic illness, stress, and emotional well-being. My work goes beyond symptom management, emphasizing root causes of distress and long-term healing.

The Difference Between Therapists and Coaches

Therapists/Counsellors are trained professionals who help clients work through emotional, mental health, and behavioral challenges. They use evidence-based techniques and may be licensed by governing bodies. Coaching is an unregulated field, meaning there are no formal education or licensure requirements to become a coach. Anyone can call themselves a coach.

The Difference Between Therapists and Psychiatrists

While both therapists and psychiatrists work in mental health, their approaches differ. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication and diagnose mental illnesses. Therapists provide counselling and talk therapy to help clients navigate their emotions and behaviours. Some clients benefit from working with both professionals, combining medication management with therapy. The topic of medication can be scary, talk to your family doctor about it. The topic of medication can be scary, talk to your family doctor about it.

Can Counsellors Diagnose?

Kind of… In Canada, certain provinces allow specific professionals to diagnose mental health conditions. In British Columbia, for example, clinical social workers must undergo additional training to be able to diagnose. Counsellors can also diagnose mental health conditions, as they are trained in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional and psychological issues. However, only medical professionals like psychiatrists and family doctors can prescribe medication.

How Counselling Helps

Counselling provides a safe space for individuals to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It helps people develop coping strategies, improve relationships, and work through past trauma. Therapy is also beneficial for self-discovery and personal growth.

Where Counselling Takes Place

Counselling can happen in various settings, including private practices, hospitals, community centers, and online. Many people appreciate the flexibility of virtual therapy, while others prefer in-person sessions for a more personal connection.

FAQs About Counselling and Seven Rivers Counselling

What can I expect in my first session? In your first session, we’ll discuss your goals, background, and what brought you to therapy. It’s a chance to ask questions and get comfortable with the process.

How do I know if therapy is right for me? If you’re struggling with stress, relationships, trauma, or personal challenges, therapy can be beneficial. A consultation can help determine if it’s a good fit for you.

How is Seven Rivers Counselling different? We specialize in culturally informed therapy, helping clients navigate personal and generational challenges while integrating traditional healing practices. We also provide confidential services to many influences and creatives.

If you’re ready to start your therapy journey, reach out to Seven Rivers Counselling today!